肥胖（分级）Obesity (grading of)
根据 BMI，肥胖被分为以下等级：
- 健康体重18.5-24.9
- 超重 25-29.9
- 肥胖 I 30-34.9
- 肥胖二级 35-39.9
- 肥胖 III 40 或以上
成人超重、肥胖和中心性脂肪沉积的测量指标 (2)
- 使用 BMI 作为超重和肥胖的实际衡量标准。请谨慎解释，因为它不是中心性肥胖的直接衡量标准
- 对于 BMI 低于 35 kg/m2 的成年人，测量并使用他们的腰围身高比以及 BMI 作为中心肥胖的实际估计值，并使用这些测量值来帮助评估和预测健康风险（例如，2 型糖尿病、高血压或心血管疾病）
具有南亚、中国、其他亚洲人、中东、黑非洲或非洲-加勒比家庭背景的人容易出现中心性肥胖，并且他们的心脏代谢风险发生在较低的BMI时，因此使用较低的BMI阈值作为超重和肥胖的实际衡量标准：
- 超重：BMI 23 千克/平方米至 27.4 千克/平方米
- 肥胖：BMI 27.5 kg/m2 或以上
对于这些人群，通常通过降低 2.5 kg/m2 的阈值来确定 2 级和 3 级肥胖
对于肌肉质量较高的成年人，应谨慎解释 BMI，因为它可能无法准确衡量这一群体的中心性肥胖。
谨慎解释 65 岁及以上人群的 BMI，考虑到合并症、可能影响功能能力的疾病以及年老时略高的 BMI 可能产生的保护作用。
儿童BMI（2）：
- 使用以下分类来定义儿童和青少年的超重或肥胖程度：
- 超重：BMI 第 91 百分位数 + 1.34 个标准差 (SD)
- 临床肥胖：BMI 第 98 百分位数 + 2.05 SD
- 严重肥胖：BMI 99.6 百分位数 + 2.68 SD
在解释 BMI 低于 91 百分位数时，尤其是 BMI 图表中的健康体重类别时，需要运用临床判断，因为处于这一类别的儿童或年轻人可能仍然有中心性肥胖
参考：
Obesity is graded according to BMI as:
- Healthy weight 18.5-24.9
- Overweight 25-29.9
- Obesity I 30-34.9
- Obesity II 35-39.9
- Obesity III 40 or more
Measures of overweight, obesity and central adiposity in adults (2)
- use BMI as a practical measure of overweight and obesity. Interpret it with caution because it is not a direct measure of central adiposity
- in adults with BMI below 35 kg/m2, measure and use their waist-to-height ratio, as well as their BMI, as a practical estimate of central adiposity and use these measurements to help to assess and predict health risks (for example, type 2 diabetes, hypertension or cardiovascular disease)
People with a South Asian, Chinese, other Asian, Middle Eastern, Black African or African-Caribbean family background are prone to central adiposity and their cardiometabolic risk occurs at lower BMI, so use lower BMI thresholds as a practical measure of overweight and obesity:
- overweight: BMI 23 kg/m2 to 27.4 kg/m2
- obesity: BMI 27.5 kg/m2 or above
For people in these groups, obesity classes 2 and 3 are usually identified by reducing the thresholds highlighted by 2.5 kg/m2
Interpret BMI with caution in adults with high muscle mass because it may be a less accurate measure of central adiposity in this group.
Interpret BMI with caution in people aged 65 and over, taking into account comorbidities, conditions that may affect functional capacity and the possible protective effect of having a slightly higher BMI when older.
BMI in children (2):
- define the degree of overweight or obesity in children and young people using the following classifications:
- overweight: BMI 91st centile + 1.34 standard deviations (SDs)
- clinical obesity: BMI 98th centile + 2.05 SDs
- severe obesity: BMI 99.6th centile + 2.68 SDs
Use clinical judgement when interpreting BMI below the 91st centile, especially the healthy weight category in BMI charts because a child or young person in this category may nevertheless have central adiposity
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