全血细胞计数Complete Blood Count (CBC)
CBC（全血计数）是一种简单的血液测试，测量血液中的红细胞、白细胞和血小板的数量。
全血细胞计数是一种非常常见的测试。它通常被用作筛查测试，可以显示一个人的整体健康状况。
CBC 可以作为筛查包括炎症性疾病在内的各种医疗状况的第一步。 当一个人有以下风湿病的体征和症状时，通常会下令 CBC：
- 类风湿性关节炎
- 强直性脊柱炎
- 银屑病关节炎
- 系统性硬化症
- 巨细胞动脉炎
- 肉芽肿病伴多血管炎
- 显微镜式多血管炎
- 嗜酸性粒细胞瘤伴多血管炎
- 白塞氏病
- 高须动脉炎
- 反应性关节炎
- 肠病性关节炎
如果某人的 CBC 成分被发现超出其参考范围（即高于或低于正常），可下令进行其他测试以作进一步调查。
The CBC (complete blood count) is a simple blood test that measures the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in the blood.
The CBC is a very common test. It is often used as a screening test that gives a picture of a person’s overall health status.
The CBC can be used as a first step to screen for a wide range of medical conditions including inflammatory diseases. A CBC is usually ordered when a person has signs and symptoms of any of the following rheumatologic diseases:
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Ankylosing Spondylitis
- Psoriatic Arthritis
- Systemic Sclerosis
- Giant Cell Arteritis
- Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
- Microscopic Polyangiitis
- Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
- Behçet’s Disease
- Takayasu Arteritis
- Reactive Arthritis
- Enteropathic Arthritis
If any component of a person’s CBC is found to be outside of its reference range (i.e. higher or lower than normal), other tests may be ordered for further investigation.
这个考验背后的科学Science Behind this Test
红细胞Red Blood Cells
这一部分的 CBC 测量血液中的红细胞（RBCs）数量以及血红蛋白。 血红蛋白是重要的，因为它携带氧气到身体的组织。 如果没有足够的血红蛋白，那么组织就没有足够的氧气。 血红蛋白可能低的一些原因包括：
- 流血
- 缺铁（血红蛋白含铁）
- 类风湿性关节炎等慢性疾病使骨髓难以制造新的红细胞
- 在一些自身免疫性疾病，如系统性红斑狼疮，免疫系统攻击和破坏红细胞
- 骨髓中的异常（癌变）细胞会干扰人体制造血红蛋白的能力
This part of the CBC measures the number of red blood cells (RBCs) in the blood as well as hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is important because it carries oxygen to the body’s tissues. If there isn’t enough hemoglobin then the tissues don’t get enough oxygen. Some of the reasons why hemoglobin might be low include:
- Bleeding
- Iron deficiency (hemoglobin contains iron)
- Chronic diseases such as Rheumatoid Arthritis can make it difficult for the bone marrow to make new RBCs
- In some autoimmune diseases such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, the immune system attacks and destroys RBCs
- Abnormal (cancerous) cells in the bone marrow can interfere with the body’s ability to make hemoglobin
白血球White Blood Cells
全血细胞计数的这一部分测量血液中白细胞（WBC）的数量。白细胞对于抵抗感染很重要。
白细胞有五种主要类型。 嗜中性粒细胞是对抗细菌非常重要的一种类型。 中性粒细胞数量非常少可能会增加人感染的风险。
This part of the CBC measures the number of white blood cells (WBCs) in the blood. White blood cells are important for fighting infections.
There are five major types of white blood cells. Neutrophils are one type that are very important for fighting bacteria. A very low number of neutrophils can increase a person’s risk of infection.
血小板Platelets
这一部分的 CBC 测量血液中的血小板数量。 血小板是小的，粘细胞。 他们的工作是止血。 如果血小板不足，可能很难止血。
血小板可能低的一些原因包括：
- 在一些自身免疫性疾病，如系统性红斑狼疮，免疫系统攻击和破坏血小板
- 血小板可以被困在脾脏
- 饮用过多的酒精会导致血小板减少
- 一些药物可能会影响血小板的数量
- 骨髓中的异常（癌变）细胞会干扰人体制造血小板的能力
This part of the CBC measures the number of platelets in the blood. Platelets are small, stick cells. Their job is to stop bleeding. If there aren’t enough platelets, it can be difficult to stop bleeding.
Some of the reasons why platelets may be low include:
- In some autoimmune diseases such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, the immune system attacks and destroys platelets
- Platelets can get trapped in the spleen
- Consuming too much alcohol can cause a reduction in platelets
- Some medications can affect the number of platelets
- Abnormal (cancerous) cells in the bone marrow can interfere with the body’s ability to make platelets
CBC Results 结果
CBC 测试结果以每升血液的细胞数量给出。 例如，白细胞计数为每升 1.5 x 109。 测试结果还会给出 “参考范围”，即通常在健康成人身上发现的细胞数量。 例如，白细胞的参考范围为每升 4.5 — 11.0 x 109。
CBC 的结果是很重要的考虑，因为：
- 它可以描绘一个人的整体健康状况
- 它可用于筛查广泛的医疗状况和炎症性疾病
- 它可以用来在诊断后监测一个人的病情
- 它可以用来评估一个人对治疗的反应
The CBC test results are given as the number of cells per litre of blood. For example, a white blood cell count of 1.5 x 109 per litre. The test result will also give the “reference range” meaning the number of cells that are typically found in a healthy adult. For example, the reference range for white blood cells is 4.5 – 11.0 x 109 per litre.
The CBC results are important to consider because:
- It can give a picture of a person’s overall health status
- It can be used to screen for a wide range of medical conditions and inflammatory diseases
- It can be used to monitor a person’s condition after a diagnosis is made
- It can be used to assess a person’s response to treatment