病毒性关节炎是由病毒感染引起的一种关节炎。这种疾病迅速蔓延，导致关节剧烈肿胀和疼痛。

病毒性关节炎通常会在几周后消失，但有时会持续数月。

Viral arthritis is a type of arthritis caused by a viral infection. The disease comes on quickly, causing intense swelling and pain in the joints.

Viral arthritis often goes away after several weeks, but it can sometimes persist for months.

 

一、了解病毒性关节炎Understanding Viral Arthritis

病毒性关节炎的发作是急性的，这意味着它往往会很快发生。 它可以是激烈和非常痛苦的。

The onset of viral arthritis is acute, meaning that it tends to come on quickly. It can be intense and very painful.

1.1症状 Symptoms

关节炎症状Arthritis Symptoms

病毒性关节炎通常会导致手，手腕，脚踝和肘部的小关节炎症。 这种类型的关节炎可以 “跳” 从关节到关节。 它通常会影响身体两侧的关节。

在病毒性关节炎患者中，炎症会导致关节肿胀、僵硬和疼痛。受影响的关节会感觉好像 “着火了”。

Viral arthritis usually causes inflammation of the small joints in the hands, wrists, ankles and elbows. This type of arthritis can “jump” from joint to joint. It usually affects joints on both sides of the body.

In people with viral arthritis, inflammation causes the joints to become swollen, stiff, and painful. The affected joints can feel like they’re “on fire.”

流感样症状Flu-Like Symptoms

引发关节炎的病毒感染可能会使人们普遍感到不适、疼痛、疲倦和发烧。他们可能食欲不振。这感觉很像得了流感。

在某些情况下，皮肤上出现普遍的皮疹，这可能是由病毒引起的。

The viral infection that triggers the arthritis may cause people to feel generally unwell, achy, tired, and feverish. They may have a loss of appetite. This can feel a lot like having the flu.

In some cases, a widespread rash appears on the skin, which may be caused by the virus.

1.2 诊断Diagnosis

病毒性关节炎可能难以诊断，因为其症状与许多其他形式的关节炎相似。最好由风湿病学家诊断，风湿病学家是一种非常熟悉关节炎疾病的专家。

将仔细记录完整的病史，然后进行彻底的身体检查。

你应该告诉你的医生你最近是否感染了病毒，或者你是否与其他生病的人有过接触。

可以进行血液检查以寻找炎症并帮助诊断病毒性关节炎。但是，仅靠血液检查不足以诊断这种疾病。

如果有急性病毒性疾病的证据，可以进行检查以确认感染。其他几项有助于诊断的测试包括：

• 全血细胞计数（CBC）— 某些病毒可以改变红细胞和白细胞的水平
• 寻找全身性炎症的红细胞沉降率 (ESR)
• C-反应蛋白 (CRP) 用于查找全身炎症
• 阿斯巴酸氨基转移和丙氨酸转移-肝酶-（寻找感染乙型或丙型肝炎的迹象）
• 肌酐 — 肾功能测试，因为一些病毒可能会影响肾脏
• 尿液透析 — 寻找尿液中的蛋白质或血液
• 胸部 X 光-如有呼吸道症状
• 也可以进行特定病毒的检测，例如EBV、Parvo B19、乙型和丙型肝炎和艾滋病毒。
• 测试以排除炎症性关节炎的其他原因，如类风湿因子、抗核抗体等。

Viral arthritis can be difficult to diagnose because the symptoms are similar to many other forms of arthritis. It is best diagnosed by a rheumatologist, a type of specialist who is very familiar with arthritic diseases.

A careful and complete history will be taken followed by a thorough physical examination.

You should tell your doctor if you’ve recently had a viral infection or if you have been in contact with others who are ill.

Blood tests can be done to look for inflammation and help diagnose viral arthritis. However, blood tests alone are not enough to diagnose the disease.

If there is evidence of acute viral illness, tests to confirm the infection may be performed. Several other tests that can help make a diagnosis include:

• Complete Blood Count (CBC) – some viruses can alter levels of red and white blood cells
• Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) to look for systemic inflammation
• C-Reactive Protein (CRP) to look for systemic inflammation
• Aspartate Aminotransferace and Alanine Aminotransferace - Liver enzymes – (to look for signs of infection with hepatitis B or C)
• Creatinine – A test of renal function as some viruses can affect the kidneys
• Urinalysis – To look for protein or blood in the urine
• Chest x-ray – if there are respiratory symptoms
• Testing for specific viruses can also be done such as EBV, Parvo B19, Hepatitis B & C, and HIV.
• Testing to rule out other causes of inflammatory arthritis such as a Rheumatoid Factor, Anti-Nuclear Antibodies, etc.

1.3 原因 Causes

病毒性关节炎通常出现在触发病毒的病毒感染的早期阶段。

病毒性关节炎的发作通常是戏剧性的：它迅速而激烈地发作。你可以上床睡觉然后早上醒来时关节非常肿胀、疼痛和僵硬。

目前尚不完全理解为什么有些人得病毒性关节炎而另一些人却没有。一种理论认为，人们可能在基因上易患病毒性关节炎。

有许多感染可能导致病毒性关节炎。 一些常见的例子是引起单核细胞增多症（“单核细胞增多症”）的 Epstein-Barr 病毒，导致五分之一疾病的细小病毒 B19，以及乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎病毒。 关节炎也可能与 HIV 有关。

病毒性关节炎可以影响任何人，但在女性和年轻人中更为常见。

经常接触病毒的人，例如与儿童接触的人，更有可能患病毒性关节炎

Viral arthritis typically appears during the early stages of the viral infection that triggers it.

The onset of viral arthritis is usually dramatic: it comes on quickly and intensely. You could go to bed and be fine, and then wake up in the morning with very swollen, painful and stiff joints.

It’s not fully understood why some people get viral arthritis and others do not. One theory is that people may be genetically predisposed to viral arthritis.

There are many infections that can cause viral arthritis. Some common examples are the Epstein-Barr virus that causes mononucleosis (“mono”), parvovirus B19 that causes fifths disease, and the hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses. Arthritis can also be associated with HIV.

Viral arthritis can affect anyone, but it is more common in women and younger adults.

People who come into contact with viruses more often, such as those in contact with children, are more likely to get viral arthritis.

1.4 治疗方法 Treatments

病毒性关节炎通常是自限性的，这意味着它会自行消失。治疗的目标通常是控制症状并使患者感觉更舒适。

尽管可能需要几个月的时间才能恢复正常，但通常会在两周内看到改善。

Viral arthritis is usually self-limiting, meaning that it will go away on its own. Treatment is often targeted to controlling the symptoms and making patients feel more comfortable.

Improvement is usually seen within 2 weeks, though it can take a few months to feel normal again.

病毒性关节炎药物Medications for Viral Arthritis

治疗病毒性关节炎的症状通常需要多种药物。

A combination of medications is often required to treat the symptoms of viral arthritis.

皮质类固醇Corticosteroids

在急性发作期间，皮质类固醇可以非常有效地控制炎症。这些可以作为药丸（泼尼松）口服，有时也可以作为可的松直接注射到关节中服用。这种治疗方法可以最快地缓解受病毒性关节炎影响的关节的疼痛和肿胀。

During the acute attacks, corticosteroids can be very effective to control inflammation. These can be taken orally as pills (prednisone) or sometimes as cortisone injections directly into a joint. This type of treatment provides the quickest relief of the pain and swelling in joints affected by viral arthritis.

NSAID

非甾体抗炎药或非甾体抗炎药有时用于减轻病毒性关节炎引起的关节炎症。它们还可以帮助减轻疼痛。它们可能需要比皮质类固醇更长的时间才能起作用。

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs or NSAIDs are sometimes used to reduce joint inflammation caused by viral arthritis. They can also help to reduce pain. They may take a little longer to work than corticosteroids.

止痛药（止痛药）Analgesics (Pain Relievers)

简单的镇痛药（止痛药），例如对乙酰氨基酚或扑热息痛，可能足以控制病毒性关节炎引起的疼痛。

Simple analgesics (pain relievers) such as acetaminophen or paracetamol may be sufficient for managing the pain caused by viral arthritis.

阿片类药物Opioids

当非处方止痛药和非甾体抗炎药不足以控制疼痛时，可以使用称为阿片类药物的强效药物。这些应该与你的医生讨论。虽然阿片类药物在控制疼痛方面非常有效，但应谨慎使用。这些药物可引起依赖性，并与药物滥用有关。阿片类药物的例子包括可待因、吗啡和羟考酮。

When non-prescription analgesics and NSAIDs are not enough to control the pain, stronger medicines called opioids may be used. These should be discussed with your doctor. While opioids can be very effective at controlling pain, they should be used with caution. These drugs can cause dependence and have been associated with drug abuse. Examples of opioids include codeine, morphine, and oxycodone.

应对病毒性关节炎Coping with Viral Arthritis

病毒性关节炎症状的突然出现会引起很多焦虑。重要的是不要惊慌失措并深吸一口气。

我们建议您：

• 了解尽可能多的关于这种疾病
• 定期参与医生和/或风湿医生的约会
• 放轻松一点
• 了解用于治疗病毒性关节炎的药物。

如果你患有病毒性关节炎或认为自己可能患有病毒性关节炎，你的家庭医生应该将你转介给风湿病学家。风湿病学家是治疗关节炎疾病的专家。这种类型的医生最有能力帮助您控制自己的病情。

 

The sudden onset of viral arthritis symptoms can cause a lot of anxiety. It is important to not panic and take a deep breath.

We recommend that you:

• Learn as much as you can about this disease
• Attend your doctor and/or rheumatologist appointments regularly
• Take it easy
• Learn about the medications used to treat viral arthritis.

If you have viral arthritis or think you may have it, your family doctor should refer you to a rheumatologist. A rheumatologist is a specialist who is an expert in treating arthritic diseases. This type of doctor is in the best position to help you manage your condition.